Architecture

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PREFACE: INTRODUCTION

Complete Course Outline

Course Introduction

Syllabus

UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS OF ARCHITECTURE: FROM ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS TO THE MIDDLE AGES -- 1.1 Section 1: Architectural Wonders of the Ancient World

1.1.1 LESSON: THE BIRTH OF ARCHITECTURE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.1.1.1 Topic: The Neolithic Revolution and Permanent Settlements

1.1.1.2 Topic: The First Building Materials and Techniques

1.1.1.3 Topic: Symbolism in Early Architecture

1.1.1.4 Topic: Early City Planning and Community Structures

1.1.1.5 Topic: Structural Innovations of the First Civilizations

QUIZ: THE BIRTH OF ARCHITECTURE

1.1.2 LESSON: EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.1.2.1 Topic: The Pyramids of Giza and Celestial Alignment

1.1.2.2 Topic: Mastabas, Tombs, and the Evolution of the Pyramid

1.1.2.3 Topic: Temples and Monuments: The Role of Pharaohs

1.1.2.4 Topic: Engineering Marvels — Constructing the Pyramids

1.1.2.5 Topic: Egyptian Influence on Later Civilizations

QUIZ: EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

1.1.3 LESSON: MESOPOTAMIAN CONTRIBUTIONS 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.1.3.1 Topic: The Ziggurats and Their Religious Significance

1.1.3.2 Topic: The First Urban Centers

1.1.3.3 Topic: Clay, Brick, and the Role of Water in Construction

1.1.3.4 Topic: The Code of Hammurabi and Urban Planning

1.1.3.5 Topic: The Hanging Gardens — Myth or Reality?

QUIZ: MESOPOTAMIAN CONTRIBUTIONS

1.1.4 LESSON: EUROPEAN NEOLITHIC STRUCTURES 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.1.4.1 Topic: Stonehenge and Its Construction Mysteries

1.1.4.2 Topic: Megalithic Tombs and Dolmens Across Europe

1.1.4.3 Topic: Early Fortifications and Defensive Structures

1.1.4.4 Topic: Community and Ritual in Neolithic Architecture

1.1.4.5 Topic: The Enduring Influence of Neolithic Design

QUIZ: EUROPEAN NEOLITHIC STRUCTURES

1.2 Section 2: Classical Architectural Triumphs: Greek and Roman Legacy

1.2.1 LESSON: GREEK ARCHITECTURE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.2.1.1 Topic: The Parthenon and the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Orders

1.2.1.2 Topic: The Acropolis and Civic Architecture

1.2.1.3 Topic: Greek Theaters: Acoustics and Design

1.2.1.4 Topic: Greek Influence on Later Architectural Styles

1.2.1.5 Topic: The Role of Mathematics in Greek Architecture

QUIZ: GREEK ARCHITECTURE

1.2.2 LESSON: ROMAN ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.2.2.1 Topic: The Colosseum, Pantheon, and the Importance of the Arch

1.2.2.2 Topic: The Roman Forum and Civic Spaces

1.2.2.3 Topic: The Use of Concrete and Vaulting Techniques

1.2.2.4 Topic: Roman Bridges, Roads, and Infrastructure

1.2.2.5 Topic: Roman Baths and Public Entertainment Venues

QUIZ: ROMAN ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS

1.2.3 LESSON: ROMAN INFRASTRUCTURE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.2.3.1 Topic: Aqueducts and Urban Planning

1.2.3.2 Topic: Insulae, Villas, and Roman Housing

1.2.3.3 Topic: The Pantheon’s Dome: Engineering Feats

1.2.3.4 Topic: Fortresses, Military Camps, and Border Walls

1.2.3.5 Topic: Rome’s Architectural Legacy in Modern Design

QUIZ: ROMAN INFRASTRUCTURE

1.3 Section 3: Medieval Architecture: Strongholds and Sacred Spaces

1.3.1 LESSON: CASTLES OF EUROPE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.3.1.1 Topic: Strategic Designs, Defense Mechanisms, and Symbolic Significance

1.3.1.2 Topic: The Evolution of Castle Construction

1.3.1.3 Topic: Royal Residences and Courtly Life

1.3.1.4 Topic: Siege Warfare and Castle Defenses

1.3.1.5 Topic: The End of the Castle Era

QUIZ: CASTLES OF EUROPE

1.3.2 LESSON: RELIGIOUS AND GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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1.3.2.1 Topic: Gothic Architecture — Innovations Like Flying Buttresses and Pointed Arches

1.3.2.2 Topic: Notre-Dame de Paris — One of the Most Famous Gothic Cathedrals

1.3.2.3 Topic: Chartres Cathedral — A Prime Example of Gothic Design

1.3.2.4 Topic: Flying Buttress — A Structural Innovation in Medieval Cathedrals

1.3.2.5 Topic: Stained Glass — A Defining Feature of Gothic Churches

QUIZ: RELIGIOUS AND GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

1.3.3 LESSON: THE DECLINE OF MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE 5 Topics | 2 Quizzes

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1.3.3.1 Topic: Gunpowder Revolution — How Firearms Led to the Decline of Castles

1.3.3.2 Topic: Star Fort — A New Defensive Style Designed for Cannon Warfare

1.3.3.3 Topic: The Fall of Constantinople — The Event That Marked the End of Medieval Fortifications

1.3.3.4 Topic: The Renaissance and the Shift Away from Medieval Architecture

1.3.3.5 Topic: The Influence of the Middle Ages on Later Architectural Styles

QUIZ: THE DECLINE OF MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE

Unit 1 Test

UNIT 2: RENAISSANCE TO INDUSTRIAL AGE – SHIFTS IN STYLE AND MATERIAL -- 2.1 Section 1: Rebirth of Classical Ideals -- The Renaissance Movement

2.1.1 LESSON: BRUNELLESCHI’S DOME IN FLORENCE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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2.1.1.1 Topic: Revolutionary Construction Techniques

2.1.1.2 Topic: The Influence of Ancient Rome on Renaissance Engineering

2.1.1.3 Topic: Innovations in Perspective and Proportion

2.1.1.4 Topic: The Duomo’s Lasting Influence

2.1.1.5 Topic: Brunelleschi’s Other Architectural Contributions

QUIZ: BRUNELLESCHI’S DOME IN FLORENCE

2.1.2 LESSON: VENETIAN PALACES 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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2.1.2.1 Topic: Architectural Testament to the City’s Wealth and Maritime Dominance

2.1.2.2 Topic: The Unique Challenges of Building on Water

2.1.2.3 Topic: The Palazzo Style and Its Influence on European Residences

2.1.2.4 Topic: The Relationship Between Art and Architecture in Venice

2.1.2.5 Topic: Gothic and Byzantine Influences on Venetian Architecture

QUIZ: VENETIAN PALACES

2.1.3 LESSON: THE SPREAD OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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2.1.3.1 Topic: Influence on Later Classical Styles

2.1.3.2 Topic: The Role of Print and Architectural Treatises

2.1.3.3 Topic: The Evolution of the Renaissance Palazzo

2.1.3.4 Topic: The Transition to Baroque Architecture

2.1.3.5 Topic: Civic and Religious Buildings Across Europe

QUIZ: THE SPREAD OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

2.2 Section 2: Neoclassicism to Victoriana -- Reflecting Revolutions and Industrial Progress

2.2.1 LESSON: NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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2.2.1.1 Topic: Revival of Ancient Greek and Roman Forms

2.2.1.2 Topic: Grand Public Buildings and Political Ideology

2.2.1.3 Topic: Palladianism and the Ideal Villa

2.2.1.4 Topic: Neoclassicism in the Americas

2.2.1.5 Topic: The Decline of Neoclassicism and Rise of Romanticism

QUIZ: NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

2.2.2 LESSON: VICTORIAN EXCESSES 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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2.2.2.1 Topic: Response to Industrial Prosperity and Stylistic Eclecticism

2.2.2.2 Topic: The Role of Mass Production in Architectural Details

2.2.2.3 Topic: The Influence of the British Empire on Architectural Styles

2.2.2.4 Topic: The Role of the Crystal Palace and Exposition Halls

2.2.2.5 Topic: Criticism of Victorian Architecture

QUIZ: VICTORIAN EXCESSES

2.2.3 LESSON: EARLY SKYSCRAPERS 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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2.2.3.1 Topic: The Impact of Steel and Iron in Reshaping Urban Skylines

2.2.3.2 Topic: The Chicago School and the Birth of the Modern Skyscraper

2.2.3.3 Topic: The Role of Elevators and Structural Frames

2.2.3.4 Topic: Art Nouveau and Early High-Rise Ornamentation

2.2.3.5 Topic: The Debate Between Function and Ornament in Tall Buildings

QUIZ: EARLY SKYSCRAPERS

2.3 Section 3: Architectural Material Revolution -- Steel and Concrete Transformations

2.3.1 LESSON: THE EIFFEL TOWER 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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2.3.1.1 Topic: Demonstration of Iron’s Potential in Architecture

2.3.1.2 Topic: The Role of Engineering in Art and Monumentality

2.3.1.3 Topic: Prefabrication and Modular Construction in the 19th Century

2.3.1.4 Topic: The Eiffel Tower’s Influence on Later Structures

2.3.1.5 Topic: The Transition from Cast Iron to Steel Frameworks

QUIZ: THE EIFFEL TOWER

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